YOLO Tumblr Essay Example for Free

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Health and Safety Regulations for Elderly Care

Health and Safety Regulations for Elderly Care Chapter II – Literature Review Literature Review Like any other places of work, residential homes for the elderly must have everything in line with the Occupational Health and Safety Authority (OHSA) regulations. It is the duty of the Management (employer) to ensure the health and safety of the residents, employees and visitors. Therefore, the Management is responsible for budgets, facilities and the purchasing of OHS equipment in order to conform to the OHSA. Moreover, the Management needs to understand its role in order to improve the health and safety performance of such homes for the elderly. Commitment and consultation is recommended in order to identify, prioritizing and act on key issues to make real improvements in OHS in this context (L.N. 36 of 2003 section 13.). The OHSA states that the Management (employer) has a responsibility to model healthy and safe workplaces for their residents, especially when these residents present medical conditions, mental health issues or a disability. It must provide information, training, instruction and supervision to enable workers to work safely and without risks to their health (L.N. 36 of 2003 section 4). On the other hand, according to section 15 of the same legislation, employees must cooperate, have the knowledge and to care for their own safety as possible and of others in accordance to the training and instructions given by the employer. This also includes reporting of incidents or hazards and also be able to conduct an evacuation in case of fires, earthquakes or bomb threats. In such environment, employers are obliged to designate persons having the necessary aptitude, capabilities, competence and training to assist in the undertaking of measures with regards to occupational health and safety and the prevention and control of occupational risks as per L.N. 36 of 2003 section 9. The employer shall designate workers who shall be responsible for the implementation of the measures required for fire-fighting and for the evacuation of workers. The names of the persons thus designated shall be entered into a register to be kept at the workplace, and the register shall be maintained and amended as necessary by the employer (L.N. 437 of 2012 section 9.4). Therefore, when organizing an evacuation that includes people with mobility impairments, effective fire safety management should ensure that sufficient people with relevant training are available to take control of the situation (Crowder Charters, 2013). However, having residents with mental health conditions or mobility impairments, residential homes for the elderly must set a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP) for every resident. The PEEP explains the method of evacuation to be used by a disabled person in each area of a building (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2011). Elderly people are likely to have some kind of disabling condition ranging from a mobility impairment, hearing impairment, visual impairment (blinded or partially sighted)to a cognitive impairment or mental health issues. Therefore, people with such disabling conditions have individual needs and each person should be responded to accordingly (Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2011). However, some might have more than one-impairment and their needs may be quite specific. For example a person with dual sensory impairment (deaf blind) may have needs which are quite distinct from a person who is either just Deaf or b lind. Therefore, in order to ensure that the emergency evacuation plans run smoothly training should include practice on how to evacuate safely each person with all the specific required needs. Regular staff is likely to know the history of each resident and it is assumed that care staff would know what kind of conditions each individual resident lives with. Therefore, they are likely to be the most physically involved if an emergency evacuation occurs. Crowder and Charters (2013) argued that these carers will be the most familiar with evacuees’ requirements and how much time and help will be needed. They therefore they will be most likely the most adequate to evacuate the elderly residents from the building. It was also pointed out that staff that interacts on a regular basis with elderly people with regards to mental health issues will have the knowledge on how to achieve an evacuation without causing undue distress to individuals. Another important role of front line staff is to have knowledge about health equipment used by some of the residents in case of acute health care treatment. Crowder and Charters (2013) stressed out that patients in acute health care premises may be attached to one or several pieces of equipment as part of their treatment or life support and that the front-line staff should be consulted on whether a person can be disconnected from any of this equipment and for how long. First Aiders Having people trained as first aiders can be instrumental since in an emergency there might be the need of immediate medical assistance before professional medical care is available. The law requisite states that an employer must have a considerable number of employees trained in basic first aid procedures; not only in case of fire emergency but for whatever emergency may arise. An employer shall ensure the presence at all times of such a number of first aiders as is adequate and appropriate in the circumstances for rendering first aid to his employees if they are injured or become ill at work (L.N. 348 of 2011 section 5.1). Evacuation In their study, Crowder and Charters (2013) argued that the time that passes between the ignition of a fire and the onset of life threatening conditions is the maximum time the occupants have to move to a place of safety. They refer to it as the Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) and the total time needed for evacuation is termed the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). Therefore, fire detection and the alert (alarm) play an important role to have the most amount of time at hand for a safe evacuation or refuge before the scenario turns into an unacceptable hazard. Evacuation training beforehand is critically important. It has to be frequent enough in order to assure no decrease in efficiency. Crowder and Charters (2013) maintained that lack of familiarity with the task at hand would lead to incorrect handling and lifting procedures, excessive number of people being required to assist and a considerable time loss because people are unsure about their next action. McMahon (2013) argued tha t there are several steps involved in an emergency evacuation and that the primary step is the recognition of a potential threat and how to take a rapid decision about whether or not to order or request an evacuation. Therefore, fire drills and training is a formal learning experience for all those involved. The University College London (2013) illustrate that the purpose and objective of a fire drill is to: Identify any weakness in the fire evacuation plan strategy. Test the procedure following any recent alteration or changes to working practices. Familiarize new staff and occupants with procedures. Test the arrangements for disabled people. Identify weaknesses in emergency communications procedures and systems. Identify positive and negative reaction of staff with designated responsibilities such as Fire evacuation Marshals. Safe Egress All the directions of travel towards the egress must be visible and immediately apparent. Therefore, maps and signs must be posted indicating the current location and the direction of travel to the nearest exit and that each exit must be clearly marked as an exit. Permanent signboards must be used for signs relating to prohibitions, warnings and mandatory requirements and the location and identification of emergency escape routes and first-aid facilities (L.N. 45 of 2002 section 2.1.1). OSHA state that these floor maps with arrows that designate the exit route assignments should be attached in areas prominently to be seen by all employees and should include locations of exits, assembly points, and equipment (such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits, spill kits) that may be needed in an emergency. It is maintained that the employer shall take all the necessary steps to provide and maintain suitable and sufficient emergency routes and exits so that in the event of danger, workers and all persons therein can evacuate all the workplace and all parts thereof quickly and as safely as possible (L.N. 437 of 2012 section 7.1). There must also be an emergency Action Plan and this has to be kept at the work place, it has to be in writing and it has to be available to all members of the residential home for review. Therefore, it is important that training for such an emergency is performed frequently enough to be knowledgeable on how to perform a safe evacuation. All exit routes have to be continuous and unobstructed. L.N. 437 of 2012 section 7.2a states that exit routes must be kept clear at all times, and lead as directly as possible to a safe, open air, specifically designated area outside the premises, which shall be on the ground floor. Therefore, the exit access itself has to be clear at all times and not blocked or obstructed and that each opening has to be protected by a self closing fire door that will remain closed or automatically closes in an emergency according to section (8d) of the same legislation. Provided that no lift shall be used as an emergency route unless such lift has been certified by a mechanical engineer as being safe to be used in emergencies (L.N. 437 of 2012 section 2a). Such context must have lifts which can be used even in a fire evacuation alert. When you have residents with physical impairments, the most practicable way to evacuate in less time possible is to travel beds or wheelchairs to the nearest safe elevator and take them safe down to ground floor. Evacuation lifts will not only improve evacuation time’s brackets for high-rise buildings, but also provide equitable egress for persons with disabling conditions (Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2013). Firefighting System and Appliances Fire fighting systems and appliances are the first aid emergency unit that can be used to domesticate the initial stages of fire. Fire ­ detection systems are of vital importance and a necessity at the place of work. For such environment, an addressable fire detection and alarm interface system is the ideal installation over the conventional fire system. This system is able to monitor and control the capabilities of each individual alarm-initiating and signal device (Alberta Group, 2014). This is an automated system having fire/smoke detectors, water sprinklers, air-conditioning system dampers, fire doors/stoppers and the fire alarm system all interfaced while alert signal is sent to the control panel at the main desk where it is constantly monitored 24/7. Having this system installed fire incidents are identified at their early stage and will prevent or minimize premises damages or harm to the people inside the building. Besides having an ‘intelligent’ automatic system, there must me also manual devices to put out the fire detected at first stage such as proper fire extinguishers, fire blankets, and fire hose pipes among others, depending upon the nature of the context environment as there are a wide range of devices that can be implemented. The employer shall ensure that workers are adequately instructed and trained as appropriate in the proper use of firefighting equipment as may be required for that work place by the Civil Protection Directorate (L.N. 437 of 2012 section 9.13). By means of ongoing training, drills and simulations, personnel are more likely to respond effectively to fire emergencies since they will increase their confidence. The Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (2011) argue that in order to ensure that the plans run smoothly training should include practice evacuations of the premises. Therefore, training is the rehearsal of the residential home’s fire evacuation plan strategy. Provision of a fully integrated PEEP system will improve safety for everyone using the building whilst identifying any weaknesses in any existing evacuation plans (DHSSPS, 2011). In the event of a real fire emergency, such training will lead everyone to know what to do and how to act in a calm and o rderly manner. Good communication and appropriate training for staff and management regarding the fire or emergency evacuation process are vital to ensure success (DHSSPS, 2011).

Grade Retention Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grade retention, better known as â€Å"staying back†, â€Å"being held back† or â€Å"repeating†, has been the topic of much debate within the educational system. The controversy which surrounds this long-standing issue has been reinforced by such topics as the recent endorsement of academic standards. Research indicates that â€Å"the rate of retention has increased by approximately 40% in the last 20 years with as many as 15% of all American students held back each year and 30-50% held back at least once before ninth grade† (Dawson, 1998). These discouraging statistics pose copious problems within a school system. The difficulties can be appreciated at the organizational level, as well as inside the classroom and, most troubling, within the individual students. The consequences, both positive and negative, reverberate throughout the school system. Grades retention is an issue which requires a prodigious amount of examination and shou ld be considered carefully and thoroughly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Formally, grade retention is defined as the practice of requiring a student who has been in a given grade level for a full school year to return at that level for a subsequent year (Jackson, 1975). Unofficially, the practice is employed as a tool to enhance the academic or developmental growth for students who are unable to meet the curriculum requirements due to a variety of reasons. These reasons can include decreased cognitive functioning, physical immaturity, social-emotional difficulties and failure to pass standardized assessments. A child may be considered for retention if he has poor academic skills, is small in stature, is the youngest in the class, has moved frequently, has been absent repeatedly, does poorly on prescreening assessments or has limited English-language skills (Robertson, 1997). Additionally, the typical profile of a retained child is more likely to reveal an elementary school-aged student who is a black or Hispanic male with a late birthd ay, developmental delay, attentional problems, low socioeconomic status, single-parent household with a parent who either does not or cannot intervene on behalf of the child (Robertson, 1997; Mattison, 2000). Also seen in retained children are the predictive health factors of hearing and speech impairments, low birth weight, enuresis and exposure to cigarette smoke within the home (Byrd... ...ommended, what should parents do? ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. Champaign, IL. Parker, Dennis R. (2001). Social promotion or retention? Leadership, 30 (4),12-16. Jackson, G. (1975). The research evidence on the effects of grade retention. Review of Educational Research, 45, 613-635. Holmes, C. T. (1989). Synthesis of recent research on nonpromotion: A five-year follow-up. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American education research Association, San Francisco, CA. Natale, J. A. (1991). Rethinking grade retention. Educational Digest, 56 (9), 30-34. Slavin, Robert E., Karweit, N., & Wasik, B. Preventing early school failure: What works? Educational Leadership, 50 (4). Darling-Hammond, Linda. (1998). Avoiding both grade retention and social promotion. The School Administrator, 48-53. Byrd, Robert S., & Weitzman, Michael L. (1994). Predictors of early grade retention among children in the United States. Pediatrics, 93 (3), 481-488. Mattison, Richard E. (2000). School Consultation: A review of research on issues unique to the school environment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolscent Psychiatry,

consumer agency :: essays research papers

An agency with the goal of protecting the public from preventable deaths and injuries related with products on the market is the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Their job is to keep consumers away from products that are hazardous and harmful to them and their children. To do their job they establish safety standards, safety rules, and even ban rules. They also repair and replace or refund a product that is unsafe and can be dangerous. Other things that the CPSC does are regulating toys, cribs, cigarette lighters, and other household items to ensure that they are safe to use. An agency similar to the CPSC is the Food and Drug Administration, which first came about in 1906. The difference is that instead of regulating hazardous products, the Food and Drug Administration regulates unsafe food and drugs. Along with regulating food and drugs they also regulate medical devices and cosmetics. The FDA also makes sure that all products are properly labeled. The FDA’s job is investigating and inspecting products to ensure that no unsafe food or drug may surface to consumers. To do their job, each year the FDA visits thousands of facilities that make food and drugs. The FDA inspects these facilities and if they find that the facility is not following their laws they can send the company to court. Another agency that protects consumers is the U.S Department of Agriculture. The USDA’s purpose is to improve the production of agriculture. The USDA ensures a safe and nutritious food supply to consumers. They also protect agriculture and range land, bring modern sounds and clean drinking water to rural communities, provide rural areas land for farming, and work to provide food to needy people all around the world. The Federal Trade Commission was established in 1915. Its purpose is to keep a free and fair business competition by a number of laws. The Federal Trade Commission prevents false advertising of food and drugs, along with cosmetics and other consumer products. The FTC also investigates business to see if they are running it fairly. If a corporation is not being run fairly the FTC has permission to send that company to court, where the company must prove that it is or the FTC can get rid of the company and its unjust acts.

Contrasting Old Mother Savage and The Tell-Tale Heart Essay -- compari

Contrasting Old Mother Savage and The Tell-Tale Heart Writers may use different techniques to get the same effect out of the audience. In the short story, "Old Mother Savage" by Guy Du Maupassant, a tragic story of a woman who losses everything is told. The story is scary in that it has an ending that one would not expect. Also, it can be looked at as a sad story because the mother seems to be sad throughout the entire story. At the end the only thing that she has to be satisfied about is that her murdering four young men can make other women feel how she felt when she found out about the death of her son. This story can be compared to Edgar Allen Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart", when you talk about the strategies that both authors use to make the audience frightened. They both describe scenes in full detail to give the effect of disgust. However, Du Maupassant, makes the audience feel sorry for the mother in this story turning it into a tragedy instead of horror. The story starts out with two men walking through a forest. One of the men recognizes an abandoned house. The house is described as "...a skeleton still standing, yet ruined and sinister" (Du Maupassant, 1). The speaker asks the man he is walking with what happened to the people who lived in it. The other starts explaining that the father was killed and that during the war, the son was sent to fight leaving the mother by herself. It was said that no one bothered her since everyone in the town thought she had money. It was said that she hardly ever laughed, but that was normal for women of that time: "The women suffer with sad and restricted souls, their life being solemn and hard" (Du Maupassant, 2). With this thought in mind it seems as if the peopl... ...t the woman as being a hero. She is what we consider a "good guy" not because she has killed innocent people, but because she has taken charge of a situation, which is out of the ordinary for women to do. This is a far contrast from Poes' ending. In his story the speaker confesses to killing the old man because the mans' heart, which at that point the reader knows is the speakers conscious is annoying him. At the end of his story the audience is glad that the speaker is caught. Both "Old Mother Savage", by Guy Du Maupassant and "The Tell-Tale Heart", by Edgar Allen Poe, offer a look into the other side of tragedies. In both we get to see the reasoning behind the killings of innocent people. The difference between the two is in one case the audience is left feeling sad for the killer, while in the other we are glad that justice is served.

“One Friday Morning” by Langston Hughes Essay

The short story â€Å"One Friday Morning† by Langston Hughes is about a young African American girl, Nancy Lee, who recently moved to the north with her parents so they may provide her with a better life and schooling. Extremely talented in watercolor painting, she aspired to make that her major in college. Because of racial discrimination, she was denied the scholarship that would have been her ticket to a brighter future. Sadly, there are some people in the world that are blinded by race and forget how America was supposed to be a place with equal rights and justice for all. Langston Hughes brings in themes like racism, equal rights between human beings, racial and national pride, and of course the American dream. His biggest aim is to show the world how colored people are treated and that present day America doesn’t fulfill the American dream of all men being equal. Nancy Lee may be a colored girl, but at times she forgets she has a different skin color than the rest of her classmates. Her peers overlook her race as well, they see her as nothing but a young and talented individual. Nancy Lee painted an award winning piece of art worthy of a scholarship to an art institute. The painting was of her grandmother sitting on a park bench looking at the American flag on a bright sunny day. This represents a dream that Nancy Lee wanted to express; that all people are equal and deserve to be treated as such. Unfortunately, the art institute didn’t realize that Nancy Lee was a colored girl at the time they chose her painting. When it was made known, they decided to give the scholarship to a white student. They felt if Nancy Lee were to attend the Institute, it would cause controversy amongst others. On the day Nancy Lee was to receive the award, she was told by her principal Miss O’Shay that she would not be able to accept this essential scholarship solely because of the color of her skin. Miss O’Shay regrettably informed Nancy Lee that â€Å"When the committee learned that you were colored, they changed their plans† (Hughes 5). Miss O’Shay did her best to encourage Nancy Lee not to give up and to fight for her dreams. In the story they compare Miss O’Shay with abolitionists and the first white teachers who went to the Deep South to teach the freed slaves. Nancy Lee looked up at her principal and noticed the bright spring day through the open window that resembled her painting. This is a metaphor for the close proximity of the utopia depicted in her art that would have no discrimination and in which all people would be treated equally. (expand on this idea!) At the weekly assembly, Nancy Lee took her seat along with three thousand other students. She turned her head and said the pledge to the flag, a symbolism of freedom and equal rights with â€Å"†¦liberty and justice for all†. She then decided that even though she’s not receiving the scholarship that was rightfully hers, she’s determined to â€Å"fight to see that these things don’t happen to other girls as this has happened to me. And men and women like Miss O’Shay will help me† (Hughes 6). This shows that Nancy Lee isn’t willing to accept that the scholarship was withdrawn simply because of her race, and that with help from people like Miss O’Shay, she is going to start a revolution to make sure that this won’t happen in the future to people like her. Discrimination is all around us; everyone is discriminated against at one point in his or her life. Langston Hughes, an African-American writer, wrote the short story â€Å"One Friday Morning† to describe the experience of one particular girl who was discriminated in her school because she was colored. Life brings many disappointments, all of which make a person stronger. Unfortunately, there will always be discrimination, as it is a part of life. This story is a great example of seeing someone being discriminated against while putting the reader in the main character’s shoes to feel what it feels like to be them. Discrimination occurs for many reasons. A good reason is we become wiser from it and realize that no one deserves to be treated unfairly. From her personal experiences, Nancy Lee will go on to motivate other people to move closer to achieving the high ideal extolled in the Pledge of Allegiance. â€Å"†¦one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.†

History of the Democratic Party Essay

The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States. When this party makes political decisions, the Democratic Party followed a very liberal viewpoint. The Democratic Party is one of the oldest official political parties in the world and it is the oldest official political party in the United States. In 1792, Thomas Jefferson started the Democratic Party to oppose the Federalist Party to fight for the Bill of Rights. The Democratic Party was called the party of the common man. It was probably called this because it supported the normal citizens, like farmers and middle class people. Thomas Jefferson was elected as the first president from the Democratic Party in 1800. Jefferson served as president for two terms for the Democratic Party. Following this, in 1848, the Democratic National Committee was formed by the National Convention. The Democratic National Committee exists, making it the longest standing political organization ever. The Democratic Party is recognized with serving the lower and middle classes by funding government programs such as Welfare and free or low cost medical insurance. This is an opposite belief of the Republican Party who believes in that no one should face a tax increase, especially the rich. Democratic parties typically rule large states such as New York and California. Since these are two states with a high number of electoral votes, the Democratic Party has an advantage in presidential elections, although despite that support, there have still been many Republican presidents voted into office.